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Warren Smith (February 7, 1932 â January 30, 1980) was an American rockabilly and country music singer and guitarist.
Biography[edit]
Smith was born in Humphreys County, Mississippi, to Iola and Willie Warren Smith, who divorced when he was young. He was raised by his maternal grandparents in Louise, Mississippi, where they had a small farm and dry goods store.
Smith took up the guitar to while away his evenings while in the United States Air Force stationed in San Antonio, Texas. By the time of his discharge from the service, he had decided to make a career of music. He moved to West Memphis, Arkansas, and auditioned, successfully, to play the Cotton Club, a local nightclub. The steel guitarist Stan Kesler, who was playing there with the Snearly Ranch Boys, immediately spotted Smith's potential and took him to Sun Records to audition for Sam Phillips, with the Snearly Ranch Boys providing backup.
Phillips liked what he heard and decided that 'Rock 'n' Roll Ruby', a song credited to Johnny Cash, would be Smith's first record. (Smith later claimed that the song was actually written by George Jones and sold to Cash for $40.)[citation needed] Smith recorded it on February 5, 1956. Phillips, playing it safe in case rock and roll did not maintain its popularity, released it with a country crooner, aptly named 'I'd Rather Be Safe Than Sorry', on the flip side. By May 26, 'Rock 'n' Roll Ruby' had reached number 1 on the local pop chart; this record, his first for Sun, went on to outsell the first Sun releases by Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash and Carl Perkins.
In August 1956, Smith went back to the Sun Records studio to record his second release, 'Ubangi Stomp', an infectious rocker with crude lyrics and vocals suggesting an African chief with the syntax of a movie Indian. For the B-side, he recorded the classic ballad 'Black Jack David', a song that originated in early 18th-century Britain and survived in various forms in the mountains of the American South; it may be the oldest song ever recorded by a rock-and-roll performer. Although a resounding artistic success, this record did not sell as well as Smith's debut.
In 1957, Smith recorded 'So Long, I'm Gone', a song written by Roy Orbison. It became his biggest hit for Sun, peaking at number 74 on the Billboard national chart. But Sun had no cash to promote it, as Sam Phillips put every dollar Sun had behind Jerry Lee Lewis's 'Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin On'. Smith continued to make rockabilly records for Sun, including a cover version of Slim Harpo's 'Got Love If You Want It' (recorded in October 1957), but these records did not do well commercially. Toward the end of 1958, seeing his future in country music, he cut a final record for Sun, a cover version of Don Gibson's 'Sweet Sweet Girl'. In spite of a review in Billboard calling it 'ultra commercial', this record also did not sell well. Like other artists such as Sonny Burgess, Hayden Thompson, Billy Lee Riley and Ray Harris, Smith had little success on the charts.[1] He then decided to leave Sun Records.
In 1959, Smith and his wife and son moved from Mississippi to California, settling in Sherman Oaks, not far from Johnny and Vivian Cash. Cash offered Smith a spot on his show, but Smith turned it down, seeing himself as a headliner, not a supporting player. In early 1960, Smith signed a contract with Liberty Records and immediately had a hit with 'I Don't Believe I'll Fall in Love Today', which went to number 5 on the Billboard country and Western chart. This record and subsequent Liberty releases were produced by Joe Allison and featured one of California's best country session musicians, Ralph Mooney, on pedal steel guitar. Smith scored again with his next record for Liberty, 'Odds and Ends, Bits and Pieces', written by Harlan Howard. He recorded several more tracks for Liberty, mostly cover versions of recent country hits, to fill out an album, The First Country Collection of Warren Smith. He continued to record for Liberty, with some success, and toured with his band, from 1960 to 1965.
On August 17, 1965, Smith suffered severe back injuries in a car crash in LaGrange, Texas. It took nearly a year for him to recover. By this time, his contract with Liberty had lapsed. He made several attempts to restart his career, first with a small, virtually amateur label called Skill Records, and then with Mercury Records, but addictions to pills and alcohol held him back. Eventually, he was convicted of robbing a pharmacy and sentenced to an 18-month term in an Alabama prison.
After his release from prison, Smith again tried to restart his career. He got some publicity from the rockabilly revival in the late 1970s. In 1977 he was invited to appear at London's Rainbow Theatre, on a bill featuring Charlie Feathers, Buddy Knox and Jack Scott. To his shock, Smith was received in London with standing ovations. His reception in England boosted his spirits and, upon his return to the United States, he began to perform with newfound vigor. In November 1978, Smith and fellow Sun alumnus Ray Smith toured Europe, again with great success.
Smith died of a heart attack, at 47 years of age, in 1980, while preparing for another European tour.
Legacy[edit]
Smith's contribution to rockabilly music has been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. Bob Dylan repeatedly featured Smith on his XM Satellite Radio show, Theme Time Radio Hour, playing Smith's records 'Red Cadillac and a Black Moustache', 'Uranium Rock', 'Ubangi Stomp' and 'So Long, I'm Gone'. Dylan recorded a studio version of 'Red Cadillac and a Black Moustache' in 2001; he also played that song and another recorded by Smith, 'Uranium Rock', in concert in 1986. In 2015, 'Uranium Rock' was also featured in the video game Fallout 4. 'Uranium Rock' was also covered by The Cramps on their second compilation album 'Bad Music For Bad People'.
Discography[edit]Albums[edit]
Singles[edit]
References[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warren_Smith_(singer)&oldid=932326276'
(Redirected from The Gypsy Laddie)
'The Raggle Taggle Gypsy' (Roud 1, Child 200), is a traditional folk song that originated as a Scottish border ballad, and has been popular throughout Britain, Ireland and North America. It concerns a rich lady who runs off to join the gypsies (or one gypsy). Common alternative names are 'Gypsy Davy', 'The Raggle Taggle Gypsies O', 'The Gypsy Laddie(s)', 'Black Jack David' (or 'Davy') and 'Seven Yellow Gypsies'.
Popularity[edit]
In the folk tradition the song was extremely popular, spread all over the English-speaking world by broadsheets and oral tradition. It went under a great many titles, including 'Black Jack Davy', 'The Gypsy Laddie', 'The Draggletail Gypsies', 'Seven Yellow Gypsies' and 'Johnnie Faa'. According to Roud and Bishop,
'Definitely in the top five Child ballads in terms of widespread popularity, and possibly second only to 'Barbara Allen', the Gypsies stealing the lady, or, to put it the other way round, the lady running off with the sexy Gypsies, has caught singers' attention all over the anglophone world for more than 200 years. For obvious reasons, the song has long been a favourite with members of the travelling community.'[1]
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The song was also published in books. Robert Burns used the song in his Reliques of Robert Burns; consisting chiefly of original letters, poems, and critical observations on Scottish songs (1808). Due to the Romanichal origins of the main protagonist Davie or Johnny Faa, the ballad was translated into Anglo-Romany in 1890 by the Gypsy Lore Society.[2][3]
One version, collected and set to piano accompaniment by Cecil Sharp, reached a much wider public. Under the title 'The Wraggle Taggle Gypsies O!', it was published in several collections, most notably one entitled English Folk Songs for Schools,[4] leading the song to be taught to generations of English school children.
In America, the country music recording industry spread versions of the song by such notable musicians as Cliff Carlisle and the Carter Family, and later by the rockabilly singer Warren Smith, under the title 'Black Jack David'. In the American folk music revival, Woody Guthrie sang and copyrighted a version he called 'Gypsy Davy' (which was later also sung by his son Arlo).
The Cecil Sharp sheet music version was occasionally used by jazz musicians, for example the instrumental 'Raggle Taggle' by the Territory band Boots and His Buddies, and the vocal recording by Maxine Sullivan.
Synopsis[edit]
The core of the song's story is that a lady forsakes a life of luxury to run off with a band of gypsies. In some versions there is one individual, named, for example as Johnny Faa or Black Jack Davy. In some versions there is one leader and his six brothers. In one local tradition, the lady is identified as the wife of the Earl of Cassilis. In some versions the gypsies charm her with their singing, or even cast a spell over her. In a typical version, the lord comes home to find his lady 'gone with the gypsy laddie'. He saddles his fastest horse to follow her. He finds her and bids her come home, asking 'Would you forsake your husband and child?' She refuses to return: in many versions preferring the cold ground ('What care I for your fine feather sheets?') and the gypsy's company to her lord's wealth and fine bed. At the end of some versions the husband kills the gypsies. In the local Cassilis tradition, they are hanged on the Cassilis Dule Tree.
Origins[edit]Blackjack David Lyrics
The earliest text may be 'The Gypsy Loddy', published in the Roxburghe Ballads with an assigned date of 1720. A more certain date is 1740, the publication of Allan Ramsay's Tea-Table Miscellany, which included the ballad as of 'The Gypsy Johnny Faa'. Differences between the two texts suggest that they derive from one or more earlier versions. They were followed by several printings, often copying Ramsay. It was then printed by most of the nineteenth century broadside printers.[5]
In 'The Gypsy Loddie'
As soon as her fair face they saw
They called their grandmother over
This is assumed to be a corruption of They cast their glamour over her (i.e. they cast a spell), not vice versa. This is the motivation in many texts for the lady leaving her lord; in others she leaves of her own free will.[6]
Uranium Rock Song
In some texts the lord is identifies as 'Cassilis', and a local tradition identifies him as the John Kennedy 6th Earl of Cassilis. B. H. Bronson[7] discovered that a tune in the Skene manuscripts and dated earlier than 1600, resembles later tunes for this song and is entitled 'Lady Cassiles Lilt'.[8] The inference is that a song concerning Lord and Lady Cassilis existed before the two earliest manuscripts, and was the source of both.
Nick Tosches, in his Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock 'N' Roll, spends part of his first chapter examining the song's history. He compares the song's narrative to the Greek myth of Orpheus and Eurydice. The ballad, according to Tosches, retells the story of John Faa, a 17th-century outlaw, described as a Scottish Gypsy, and Lady Jane Hamilton, wife of The Earl of Cassilis. Lord Cassilis led a band of men (some sources say 16, others 7), to abduct her. They were caught and hanged on the 'Dool Tree' in 1643. The 'Gypsies' were killed (except for one, who escaped) and Lady Jane Hamilton was imprisoned for the remainder of her life, dying in 1642.[9]
Related songs[edit]
The song 'The Whistling Gypsy' also describes a lady running off with a 'gypsy rover'. However, there is no melancholy, no hardship and no conflict.
The song 'Lizzie Lindsay' has a similar theme. Robert Burns adapted the song into 'Sweet Tibby Dunbar', a shorter version of the story. There is also a children's version by Elizabeth Mitchell which has lyrical content changed to be about a young girl 'charming hearts of the ladies', and sailing 'across the deep blue sea, where the skies are always sunny'.
Although the hero of this song is often called 'Johnny Faa' or even 'Davy Faa', he should not be confused with the hero/villain of 'Davy Faa (Remember the Barley Straw)'. [Silber and Silber misidentify all their texts] as deriving from 'Child 120', which is actually 'Robin Hood's Death'. According to The Faber Book of Ballads the name Faa was common among Gypsies in the 17th century.
Recordings[edit]
A vast number of artists and groups have recorded the song. This selection is limited to artists and/or albums found in other Wikipedia articles:
Broadsides[edit]
References[edit]
External links[edit]Black Jack David Song
Black Jack David Warren Smith Lyrics
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Raggle_Taggle_Gypsy&oldid=932767347'
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